to-1, tā-, ti̯o-

    to-1, tā-, ti̯o-

    English meaning: that, he (demonstr. base)

    Deutsche Übersetzung: Pronominalstamm “der, die”

    Grammatical information: nom. acc. sg. n. tod, acc. sg. m. tom, f. tüm, gen. sg. m. tosi̯o, f. tesiüs

    Note: (nom. sg. m. f. so, sü, see there)

    Material: O.Ind. tád (tát) “das”, Av. tat̲, acc. sg. O.Ind. tám m., tǘ ́ m f., Av. tǝm m., tüm f., tat̃ n., etc.; Arm. -d (e.g. ter-d “the master, mister da, du the master, mister”, ay-d “the da”), da “this”, doin “the same”, etc.; Gk. τό, acc. sg. τόν, τήν (Dor. τά̄ν), τό etc.; το-νῦν “nun” = Alb. ta-ní; Alb. kë-ta “dieses” (*tod; out of it in proclitic:) të (AbLat. *tōd) “where”; maybe Alb. a-të, atë “that”, Alb.Gheg tanë “all, so much” Lat. istum, -tam, -tud etc., Umbr. estu “istum”; Lat. tam ‘so” (old also temporal “tandem” from *tüm-dem; auf *tüm based on also (?) tantus, Osc. e-tanto “tanta”, Umbr. e-tantu “tanta”), tum, tun-c “then, alsdann” = Av. tǝm “then”; topper (*tod-per) “cito, fortasse, celeriter, tamen”; different about tam Szemerényi Gl. 35, 92 ff.; O.Ir. tō “ja” (*tod); infig. Pron. 3. sg. m. -dn (*tom), n. -d (*tod), pl. da (*tōns, f. *tüs); Goth. Þata n., acc. m. Þana, loc. Þei etc., O.H.G. der, diu, daz, O.Ice. Þat etc.; Lith. tàs, tà, taĩ: etc. “der(selbe)”; O.Pruss. gen. sg. f. s-tessias; O.C.S. tъ, ta, to “that”; Toch. A täm “dieses”. An congruities or Ä hnlichkeiten seien hervorgehoben: 1. Gk. Hom. AbLat. τῶ “then, in this Falle; darum”, Lith. tuõ “with dem, sofort”, perhaps O.H.G. thuo, duo, O.S. thō “da” (whether not from f. *tü); Gk. ther. megar. τῆ-δε “here”, Goth. Þē “um so”, perhaps O.Ice. Þü “da, damals, then” (if not = *Þan), O.E. ðü “then, darauf”; with it probably originally gleich Gk. τῆ “da, nimm!”, Lith. tè ds. 2. tor, tēr “there”: O.Ind. tar-hi “to the time, then” (-hi to Gk. Hom. ἧ-χι), Goth. O.Ice. Þar “there”, O.S. thar, O.Fris. ther (O.H.G. dara) “there”; O.S. thür, O.H.G. dür, O.E. ðǣr (ðara) “there”. 3. toti ‘so viele”: O.Ind. táti ds. (tatithá- “the sovielte”), Lat. tot, totidem (tŏtus “the sovielte”), in addition Gk. τόσ(σ)ος from *toti-os ‘so big, large, so much, a lot of”. 4. With -tro-suffix: O.Ind. tátrü̆ “there(toward)”, Goth. ÞaÞrō “from da from”, O.Ice. Þaðra “there”, O.E. ðæder “the, dorthin”. 5. O.Ind. ta-dǘ , Av. taδa “then”, Lith. tadà (from *tadün, compare E.Lith. tadù) “then, alsdann”; O.Ind. tadǘ nīm “damals”. 6. Gk. τηλίκος ‘so old”, Lat. talis ‘so beschaffen of such kind, such “, Lith. tõlei “bis dahin, solange”; O.C.S.toli “in dem Grade”, tolь ‘so much, a lot of, so very”, toliko ds.; after Szemerényi (Gl. 35, 1133) from*to-ali-. Maybe Alb. (*talis) i tillë, i a-tillë, i kë-tillë “ of such kind, such “. 7. Gk. τῆμος, Dor. τᾶμος “zur time, then”, O.C.S. tamo “dorthin”, Ltv. tüm in nuo tüm “hence”. 8. O.Ind. e-tǘ vant “tantus”, Av. aē-tavant ds. from IE *tüu̯ n̥ t, tüu̯ ont-; Gk. Hom. τῆος (newer τέως), τᾶFος; through influence of m. τᾶFο(ντ)ς wurde das to erwartende *τᾶFα(τ) to *τᾶFο(τ), from which τᾶFος; here also after Szemé renyi Lat. tantus (see above); compare Schwyzer Gk. 1, 609 Anm. 5. 9. Der ending from τό-φρα “inzwischen” (in addition compare ὄ-φρα ‘solange as”) perhaps to Toch. A ku-pre, В kwri “if”, tü-pär(k) “now, yet”. 10. Ein stem IE ti̯o- besides to- in O.Ind. tyá- “that, that bekannte”, Alb. së (gen. dat. sg. f.) etc. (s- from ti̯-), Run. Þīt, O.S. thit “dorthin” (Rosenfeld Forsch. under Fortschr. 29, 177); Lith. čià “here”, čiõ n “here”; O.Pers. tya “welches, das”, leg. taya (*to + i̯o-), absents (Risch, Asiat. Stud. 8, 151 f.). maybe Alb. a-ty, aty, atje “there”

    References: WP. I 742 f., WH. I 721 f., II 644, 645 f., 648, Trautmann 311 ff., Vasmer 3, 113, 128, Szemerényi Gl. 35, 42 ff., Mayrhofer 1, 499.